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1.
Rev. Flum. Odontol. (Online) ; 1(57): 77-82, jan.-abr. 2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1391240

ABSTRACT

A extração dentária é um dos procedimentos mais frequentes em cirurgia oral e maxilofacial e está relacionada a mudanças fisiológicas no processo alveolar. Neste sentido, entre as principais complicações transoperatórias está a hemorragia, que ocorre geralmente devido a lesões de vasos sanguíneos presentes no alvéolo dentário onde se realizou a exodontia. Uma alternativa para se obter a hemostasia é a utilização da Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas (PRF), um concentrado leucoplaquetário, obtido através do sangue do paciente. A membrana obtida é rica em leucócitos, plaquetas e fatores de crescimento que promovem a modulação de células envolvidas no processo de cicatrização, favorecendo um melhor e mais rápido reparo das lesões cirúrgicas. Esta matriz de fibrina apresenta diversas utilidades para a odontologia, demonstrando bons resultados, além do baixo custo e fácil obtenção. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a técnica de obtenção da PRF usada como agente hemostático após exodontia, orientando assim, sua reprodutibilidade e utilização.


Tooth extraction is one of the most frequent procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery and is related to physiological changes in the alveolar process. In this sense, among the main transoperative complications is hemorrhage, which usually occurs through the dental alveolus, due to damage to the blood vessels where the extraction was performed. An alternative to obtain hemostasis is the use of Fibrin Rich in Platelets (PRF), which is a white platelet concentrate obtained from the patient's blood that undergoes a centrifugation step. The membrane obtained after this process is rich in leukocytes, platelets and growth factors that promote modulation of cells involved in the healing process, favoring a better and faster repair of surgical lesions. This fibrin matrix has several uses for dentistry, showing good results, in addition to being low cost and easy to obtain. The aim of this article is to describe the technique for obtaining Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) used as a hemostatic after tooth socket extraction, thus allowing its reproducibility and use.


Subject(s)
Surgery, Oral , Hemostatics , Platelet-Rich Fibrin
2.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 52(10): e20210543, 2022. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1375117

ABSTRACT

Prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) are useful tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of coagulation disorders in Veterinary Medicine. Our objectives were: to establish reference intervals (RI) for PT and a PTT for the dog using the Start®4 (Stago), to compare the obtained RI with literature; to evaluate the effects of gender and age on the coagulation profile. Plasma samples of 122 healthy dogs (57 males; 65 females) aged between 4 months and 18 years, divided into three age groups (0-2 years old; 3-10 years old; > 10 years old) and grouped in to males and females were analysed. The RI were estimated following the ASVCP guidelines with the Reference Value Advisor software. The RI were: PT 6.7'' to 10.8''; aPTT 9.0'' to 14.8''. PT was significantly higher in females than in males. Dogs aged 10 years or older have significantly higher mean aPTT times than younger dogs. RI comparison showed a considerable percentage of cases outside the reference RI of the literature (PT - 79.3%; aPTT - 77.1%), demonstrating the need of each laboratory to calculate its own RI. The RI established in this study are applicable for the coagulation profile assessment in dogs.


O tempo de protrombina (TP) e o tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa) são ferramentas úteis para o diagnóstico e monitorização das alterações da coagulação em Medicina Veterinária. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: estabelecer intervalos de referência (IR) para TP e TTPa para o cão utilizando o Start®4 (Stago), de modo a comparar os IR obtidos com a literatura; avaliar os efeitos do sexo e da idade no perfil da coagulação. Foram usadas amostras de plasma de 122 cães saudáveis (57 machos; 65 fêmeas) com idades entre quatro meses e 18 anos, divididos em três grupos (0-2 anos; 3-10 anos; > 10 anos) e agrupados em machos e fêmeas. Os IR foram calculados seguindo as diretrizes da ASVCP com o software Reference Value Advisor. Os IR obtidos foram: PT 6,7 '' a 10,8 ''; TTPa 9,0 '' a 14,8 ''. O TP foi significativamente maior nas fêmeas do que nos machos. Os cães com 10 anos ou mais apresentaram tempos médios de TTPa significativamente maiores do que cães mais jovens. A comparação de IR mostrou uma percentagem considerável de casos fora do IR de referência da literatura (TP - 79,3%; TTPa - 77,1%), confirmando a necessidade de cada laboratório calcular seu próprio IR. Os IR estabelecidos neste estudo são aplicáveis na avaliação do perfil hemostático em cães.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Partial Thromboplastin Time/veterinary , Prothrombin Time/veterinary , Hemostatics/analysis , Reference Values , Sex Factors , Age Factors
3.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 50(2): e1166, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341433

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Es creciente el uso de nuevos agentes hemostáticos para controlar la hemorragia en entornos militares. Objetivos: Sintetizar y analizar la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia de diferentes agentes hemostáticos utilizados en ambientes tácticos, transportados por los combatientes del ejército. Desarrollo: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de artículos publicados en inglés y español, en las bases de datos Medline (PubMed), Cochrane, Web of Science y en revistas, protocolos, libros y manuales del ámbito de urgencias y emergencias en el campo de batalla, que analizaron el fenómeno de estudio y cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Tras la búsqueda y selección de los estudios, 7 artículos fueron incluidos en la síntesis narrativa. En los estudios se utilizaron los siguientes agentes hemostáticos QuikClot®, HemCon®, Celox® y el ChitoGauze HemCon®; en la mayoría de los estudios, los agentes hemostáticos tuvieron una eficacia superior al 88 por ciento para detener, disminuir y controlar la hemorragia externa en víctimas de combate, sobre todo en zonas de unión (articulaciones) y para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad. Solo QuikClot® tuvo efectos secundarios negativos, al provocar quemaduras. El correcto manejo de los agentes hemostáticos requiere de formación previa, lo que evita errores de administración. Conclusiones: Los agentes hemostáticos son eficaces para el abordaje de la hemorragia externa y aumentan la supervivencia en víctimas de combate. Es necesario formar a los profesionales para evitar errores en su manejo. Futuros estudios deben indagar cuál de estos agentes es más eficaz(AU)


Introduction: The use of new hemostatic agents to control hemorrhage in military environments is growing. Objectives: To synthesize and analyze the available evidence about the effectiveness of the different hemostatic agents utilized in tactical environments that are transported by army fighters. Development: A narrative review of articles published in English and Spanish, in Medline (PubMed), Cochrane and Web of Science, and magazines, protocols, books, and manuals in the field of emergency and battlefield emergencies, who analyzed the study phenomenon and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After searching and selecting the studies, 7 articles were included in the narrative synthesis. In the studies, the following hemostatic agents were used QuikClot®, HemCon®, Celox®, and ChitoGauze HemCon®, in most studies, hemostatic agents were more than 88 percent effective in stopping, reducing, and controlling external hemorrhage in combat victims, especially in union areas, also decreasing morbidity and mortality. Only QuikClot® had negative side effects causing burns. The correct handling of hemostatic agents requires prior training, which avoids administration mistakes. Conclusions: Hemostatic agents are effective for treating external hemorrhage in combat victims and increasing their survival. It is necessary to train professionals to avoid mistakes in their handling. Future studies should investigate which of these agents is more effective(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Survival , Effectiveness , Hemostatics/therapeutic use , Emergencies , Advanced Trauma Life Support Care/methods , Military Personnel , Warfare , Efficacy , Survivorship
4.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 65(1): 17-20, Jan.-Mar. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014496

ABSTRACT

The term "damage control surgery" proposed by Rotondo and Schwab in 1993 refers to the rapid initial control of bleeding and contamination, temporary abdominal closure, resuscitation in the ICU, and subsequent reexploring with definitive repair. Based on four cases, we propose a surgical technique with latex hemostatic packing that prevents surgical reexploration. It consists in hemostasis, placing a latex glove filled with 0.9% sodium chloride (latex hemostatic pack) in the area of bleeding and bringing the mouth of the glove through the abdominal wall. Following content evacuation, the glove is removed within 48 to 72 hours.


El nombre de 'cirugía control de daños' fue acuñado en 1993 por Rotondo y Schwab, y hace referencia al control inicial rápido de la hemorragia y contaminación, cierre abdominal temporal, reanimación en la UCI y reexploración subsecuente con reparación definitiva. En base a cuatro casos, se presenta la propuesta de una técnica quirúrgica con un empaquetado hemostático de látex que evita la reexploración quirúrgica, que consiste en hemostasia, colocación de guante de látex lleno con cloruro de sodio al 0,9% (empaquetado hemostático de látex) en la zona de lecho sangrante, sacando la boca de guante a través de la pared abdominal. Se le retira evacuando previamente el contenido, en 48 a 72 horas.

5.
Rev. med. Rosario ; 83(3): 123-127, sep.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-973316

ABSTRACT

El trabajo repasa la evolución histórica en el entendimiento y en el manejo de la cirugía tiroidea. Describe los orígenes de esta cirugía y su ejecución, mucho antes de que se entendiera el funcionamiento de la glándula. Enumera los personajes más trascendentes de esta historia y cómo otras técnicas aplicadas en la cirugía oncológica general se adaptaron a la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Se mencionan las innovaciones tecnológicas en cirugía tiroidea.


This work reviews the historical evolution of thyroid surgery, its understanding and management. It mentions the origins of this surgical procedure and its execution well before the understanding of the glandular function. The leading persons in this historical field are enumerated; and a review is made of how other techniques applied in surgical oncology were adapted in head and neck surgery. Technological innovations in thyroid surgery are enumerated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/trends , Review Literature as Topic , Thyroid Neoplasms/history , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Endocrinology/history , History of Medicine , Technological Development
6.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 27(supl.1): S69-S71, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-907658

ABSTRACT

Cirrhotic patients frequently exhibit abnormal coagulation tests such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) due to impairment in hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors. Due to these abnormalities and also to the numerous bleeding episodes that characterize advanced or decompensated liver cirrhosis, these patients were traditionally considered as “anticoagulated”. More recently, this paradigm has been challenged due to the increased occurrence of thrombotic complications among this population. This can only be understood when analyzed under the prism of the cellular theory of coagulation, which describes the complex interactions between endothelial, platelets and inflammatory cells that determine the status of coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. The liver participates actively in this process contributing to the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in healthy patients. During liver failure there is evidence of impairment of synthesis of factors involved in the coagulation process, but also in anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. However, stable cirrhotic patients tend to maintain a delicate dynamic equilibrium. This equilibrium can be altered in acute decompensations leading to hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications.


Los pacientes con cirrosis presentan disminución en la producción de factores de coagulación de síntesis hepática, esto determina alteración del tiempo de protrombina (TP) y tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada (TTPa). Esta característica, junto con los episodios de sangrado, que se presentan frecuentemente en pacientes descompensados y en etapa avanzada de la enfermedad, significó que por muchos años se considerara a los pacientes con daño hepático crónico como “anticoagulados”. En los últimos años este paradigma ha sido desafiado por estudios que muestran una mayor frecuencia de trombosis en esta población. Este fenómeno se comprende mejor con la teoría celular de la coagulación que integra a la ecuación las membranas celulares, especialmente de endotelio, plaquetas y células inflamatorias, y que permite visualizar las complejas interacciones entre factores coagulantes, anticoagulantes y fibrinolisis. El hígado participa en forma activa en este proceso que determina un amplio equilibrio dinámico en individuos sanos. El daño hepático claramente altera la coagulación, sin embargo, la evidencia actual demuestra que en la mayoría de los pacientes se produce un delicado rebalance hemostático, que determina una coagulación efectiva. Si este frágil equilibrio se altera, se produce un desbalance que puede generar un estado hemorrágico o trombótico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Coagulation Disorders/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Liver Diseases/complications , Chronic Disease , Hemorrhage/etiology , Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Thrombosis/etiology
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-742494

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La artroplastia de rodilla se asocia a grandes pérdidas de sangre perioperatorias y posoperatorias (600-1500 ml), y a porcentajes de transfusión de sangre hasta del 50 %. El objetivo es estudiar el efecto del ácido tranexámico en la artroplastia primaria de rodilla sin manguito hemostático, valorando la pérdida sanguínea en el posoperatorio. Materiales y Métodos: Los pacientes fueron asignados, en forma aleatoria, a dos grupos: Grupo A, con ácido tranexámico, 25 pacientes (71,5 años) y Grupo B, sin ácido tranexámico, 25 pacientes (72 años). Se determinó la hemoglobina y el hematocrito antes de la cirugía, y a las 24, 48 y 72 h. Se midió el débito del suctor a las 24 h. Resultados: El hematocrito posoperatorio a las 24, 48 y 72 h fue del 33,4 %; 31,5 % y 30,8 %, respectivamente, en el grupo A, y del 28,5 %; 27,9 % y 27 %, en el grupo B (p <0,001 en los 3 registros). Los valores de hemoglobina fueron 11, 10,3 y 10 g/dl en el grupo A y 9,4; 9,3 y 9 g/dl, en el grupo B, respectivamente (p <0,001; p = 0,004 y p = 0,002). La colección del drenaje a las 24 h en el grupo A fue de 363,4 ml (± 141 ml) y, en el grupo B, fue de 626 ml (± 260 ml) (p <0,001). Se transfundió al 32% de los pacientes del grupo B y a ninguno del grupo A. No se registraron casos de enfermedad tromboembólica. Conclusión: El uso de ácido tranexámico disminuye la pérdida de sangre posoperatoria asociada a la artroplastia de rodilla; esto se refleja en menores porcentajes de transfusión de sangre sin un aumento en el riesgo de complicaciones...


Background: Total knee arthroplasty is associated with peri- and postoperative blood loss (600 to 1500 mL) and with blood transfusion rates of up to 50 %. The objective is to study the effect of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty without tourniquet, taking into account the blood loss in the postoperative period. Method: Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A, with tranexamic acid, 25 patients (71.5 years old) and Group B, without tranexamic acid, 25 patients (72 years old). Hemoglobin and hematocrit were evaluated prior to surgery and after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Drainage was evaluated after 24 hours. Results: The postoperative hematocrit after 24, 48 and 72 hours was 33.4 %, 31.5 % and 30.8 %, respectively, in Group A, and 28.5 %, 27.9 % and 27 %, respectively, in Group B (p <0.001 in the 3 registers). Hemoglobin values were 11, 10.3 and 10 g/dL, respectively, in Group A and 9.4, 9.3 and 9 g/dL, in Group B (p <0.001, p = 0.004 and p = 0.002). Drainage after 24 hours in Group A was 363.4 mL (± 141 mL) and 626 mL (± 260 mL) in Group B (p <0.001). Thirty two patients in Group B underwent transfusion, while none in group A. No cases of thromboembolic disease were detected. Conclusion: Tranexamic acid use decreases postoperative bleeding associated with total knee arthroplasty, resulting in lower transfusion rates without an increase in complication risks...


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use , Blood Loss, Surgical , Blood Transfusion , Hematocrit , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 16(1): 32-34, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-738066

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia postparto es un importante contribuyente a la morbilidad materna y sigue siendo la principal causa de mortalidad materna a nivel mundial; en la mayoría de los casos aparece en forma espontanea inmediata a la ocurrencia del parto, y el porcentaje mayor se refiere a la hipotonía uterina, que es rebelde a la aplicación de medidas convencionales como el masaje uterino, oxitócicos, prostaglandinas etc. Las pautas para el manejo de la hemorragia postparto implican medidas graduales desde enfoques farmacológicos hasta los quirúrgicos. El método de taponamiento uterino utilizando "balones hemostáticos" se ha añadido recientemente al arsenal de tratamiento de la hemorragia postparto. Hay varios balones disponibles, incluyendo el Balón de Bakri, Foley, Sengstaken-Blakemore, Rusch, entre otros. Este artículo estudia estas tecnologías de taponamiento uterino en el tratamiento de la hemorragia postparto y especialmente el método del Balón intrauterino aplicado en el Hospital Materno Infantil German Urquidi como una alternativa más ante esta complicación.


Postpartum hemorrhage is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and remains the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, in most cases appears spontaneously immediately after the childbirth, the highest percentage refers to the hypotonic uterine, which is refractory to the conventional measures such as uterine massage, oxytocin, prostaglandins etc. Guidelines for the management of postpartum hemorrhage involve gradual steps from pharmacological approaches to surgical treatment. The method of uterine tamponed using "hemostatic balls" was recently added to the arsenal of treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. There are several balls available including the Bakri balloon, Foley, Sengstaken-Blakemore, Rusch, among others. This article reviews these uterine tamponed technologies in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and especially the intrauterine balloon method applied in the German Urquidi's Maternity Hospital as an alternative to this complication.

9.
Full dent. sci ; 3(10): 150-153, jan.-mar. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-642916

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo, o autor propõe o uso na cirurgia BucoMaxiloFacialde um novo agente hemostático,o qual é amplamente empregado nas cirurgiasvasculares de órgãos internos, tais como cardiovascular,pulmonar, hepática e renal. É oferecidade forma imparcial uma opinião sobre o produtoquando aplicado na mentoplastia óssea.


In this article, the author considers the applicationin Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a newhemostatic agent which is widely used for vascularsurgery of internal organs such as cardiovascular,pulmonary, hepatic, and kidney surgeries.An unbiased opinion about the product isoffered when it is utilized for bone genioplasty.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Biocompatible Materials , Surgery, Oral/methods , Hemostasis, Surgical/methods , Osteotomy
10.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 62(4): 321-325, oct.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616825

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: hacer una revisión sobre la actividad biológica y mecanismo de acción de los sellantes de fibrina en ginecología laparoscópica. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura publicada tanto en inglés como en español a través de Medline vía PubMed, Ovid y Cochrane, desde 1993 a 2010. Se analizaron los artículos que incluían el uso de los sellantes en ginecología laparoscópica y se agruparon por temáticas tales como antecedentes, actividad biológica, composición, administración y características biofísicas. Resultados: se encontraron entre 1993 y 2010, 200 artículos de los cuales 49 correspondían a los criterios establecidos siendo objeto de análisis. Los sellantes de fibrina contribuyen al logro de la hemostasia aumentando la expresión en las células peritoneales de los activadores e inhibidores del plasminógeno, afectando el proceso de curación, que puede ser de beneficio en la reducción de las adherencias posoperatorias. Conclusión: el desarrollo de los sellantes de fibrina surge como una alternativa práctica para la reducción de la hemorragia y control de la hemostasia, además de la reducción de las adherencias posoperatorias en la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica...


Objective: reviewing fibrin sealants’ biological activity and mechanism of action related to laparoscopic gynecology. Materials and methods: a search was made of the literature published in both English and Spanish via PubMed/Medline, OVID and Cochrane from 1993 to 2010. Articles involving the use of sealants in laparoscopic gynecology were analyzed and grouped by topic, such as background, biological activity, composition, administration and biophysical characteristics. Results: 200 articles were found which had been published from 1993 to 2010, 49 of them complied with the established analysis criteria. Fibrin sealants contributed towards achieving hemostasis, increasing plasminogen activator and inhibitor expression in peritoneal cells, thereby affecting curing, which could be beneficial in reducing post-operative adhesion. Conclusion: developing fibrin sealants emerges as a practical alternative for reducing hemorrhage and controlling hemostasia, as well as reducing postoperative adhesion in surgery involving laparoscopic gynecology...


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Gynecology , Laparoscopy
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